IRS 表格 843:退款申請與減免請求表格(Form 843)
IRS 表格 843 及說明書:
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-843
Email:sfo4ww@evershinecpa.com
IRS 表格 843:退款申請與減免請求表格(Form 843)
Form 843 的常見用途:
- 請求退還或減免某些稅款:
- 因「合理原因」而產生的 罰金與利息(例如非因疏忽、天災等)。
- 因 IRS 發錯退款而收取的罰金。
- 某些 就業稅(如社保與醫療保險稅)、遺產稅、贈與稅的退還請求。
- 請求減免利息:前提是該利息是因為 IRS 行政錯誤或延遲導致。
- 退還過多繳納的社會安全稅或醫療保險稅:如在同一年度被多個僱主扣繳超過限額時。
Form 843 不能用於以下情況:
- 所得稅退稅:需使用 Form 1040-X 修正申報。
- 對於稅額爭議或想提出抗辯:須透過 申訴程序或稅務法院。
- 一般性退稅申請:應在原始報稅表格上處理。
Form 843 需填寫的基本資訊:
- 納稅人資訊(姓名、SSN 或 EIN)
- 稅務年度或日期
- 稅款類別(例如:所得稅、就業稅、消費稅等)
- 請求原因詳細說明(第 7 欄)
- 請求退還或減免的金額
專業建議:
Form 843 僅適用於針對 IRS 所收的利息、罰金、或某些就業稅項目提出異議。
例如因病、天災、IRS 行政延誤等「合理原因」,可主張減免罰金與利息。
常見錯誤是用這張表來申請所得稅退稅,這其實應用 Form 1040-X。
在填寫第 7 欄(說明欄)時,建議內容要清楚明確,附上可佐證的理由與文件(例如醫療證明、通訊紀錄等)。
IRS Form 843: Claim for Refund and Request for Abatement
Common Uses of Form 843:
- Request refund or abatement of:
- Penalties or interest due to reasonable cause (e.g., illness, disaster, not negligence).
- Erroneous refund penalty charged by the IRS.
- Certain employment taxes, estate, or gift taxes.
- Request abatement of interest if the interest was caused by IRS delay or error (not just personal reasons).
- Claim excess Social Security or Medicare taxes withheld due to multiple employers.
When NOT to Use Form 843:
- To correct income tax filings or claim refunds — use Form 1040-X.
- To dispute the amount of tax assessed — go through appeals or Tax Court.
- General refund claims for income taxes — must be made on the original or amended return.
Basic Information to Include:
- Taxpayer’s name and SSN or EIN.
- Tax period involved.
- Type of tax or fee (e.g., employment tax, excise tax).
- Explanation of request (Line 7).
- Amount to be refunded or abated.
Opinion & Tip:
Form 843 is only appropriate for situations involving penalties, interest from IRS delays, or excess payroll taxes — not for correcting income tax errors.
For Line 7 (Explanation), make sure your request includes clear reasoning and support for “reasonable cause.” Documents like doctor’s letters, disaster declarations, or IRS correspondence can be helpful.
Official Reference Link:
- IRS Form 843 and Instructions:
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-843
情境1:因重大疾病或醫療事件延誤報稅。
中文版本
申請免除逾期申報罰金的說明:
本人因於 2023 年 3 月接受重大外科手術,術後長時間住院且無法行動,導致無法於 2022 年度申報截止日前完成報稅作業。我於身體狀況恢復後即刻完成並遞交申報。
此情況屬不可抗力之合理原因,並非疏忽所致,懇請 IRS 撤銷本次之逾期申報罰金。
附上相關醫療證明文件供參考。
English Version (for Form 843, Line 7)
Request for Abatement of Failure-to-File Penalty:
I am requesting abatement of the failure-to-file penalty for the 2022 tax year. I was hospitalized and recovering from major surgery beginning in March 2023, which rendered me unable to prepare or file my tax return on time.
As soon as my medical condition improved, I filed the return as quickly as possible.
This situation was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect.
Medical records and hospital discharge papers are attached to support this request.
附上醫療證明(如醫師證明、住院證明)會大大提高成功機率。
若是其他原因(如自然災害、配偶過世、IRS 指示錯誤等)也可以類似方式撰寫,只需改寫事由。
情境2:因會計師延誤導致未準時報稅
中文版本:
申請免除逾期申報罰金的說明:
本人已在報稅截止日前將完整的報稅資料提交給聘請的會計師,並依指示完成所有必要準備作業。然而,因會計師未能於申報截止日前完成並提交報稅資料,導致申報延誤。
本人已盡合理注意義務,此情況並非蓄意延誤。懇請 IRS 考量合理原因,撤銷該項罰金。
附上與會計師溝通的證明文件。
English Version:
Request for Abatement of Late Filing Penalty:
I respectfully request abatement of the late filing penalty. I provided all necessary tax documents to my accountant well before the filing deadline and followed their instructions in a timely manner. However, due to an error or delay on the part of the accountant, the return was not filed by the due date.
I acted in good faith and exercised ordinary business care and prudence. Therefore, I believe this constitutes reasonable cause and not willful neglect.
Supporting correspondence with the accountant is attached.
情境3:因自然災害影響報稅
中文版本:
申請免除逾期申報罰金的說明:
本人居住地於報稅期限前夕遭遇嚴重颶風(Hurricane Ian),導致停電與重要文件損毀。我及家人被迫撤離家園,在災難期間無法存取報稅文件及電子系統。
報稅作業於災後即刻恢復並遞交,請求 IRS 考量此不可抗力情形予以撤銷罰金。
附上 FEMA 災區聲明與當地政府災害證明。
English Version:
Request for Penalty Abatement Due to Natural Disaster:
I am requesting relief from the late filing penalty due to the impact of Hurricane Ian, which significantly disrupted my ability to file on time. My home was in the affected area, and due to extended power outages and evacuation, I was unable to access the necessary documents and systems to prepare my return.
As soon as conditions permitted, I filed the return.
This delay was beyond my control and constitutes reasonable cause.
Supporting documents include FEMA disaster declarations and local emergency notices.
結語:
以上3個範例都符合 IRS 合理原因(Reasonable Cause)標準,並已用符合官方語氣撰寫。
其他特定情境(例如配偶過世、身份盜用、IRS 給錯指示等)。
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